The Dynamics of Decision Making in Penalty Kick Situations in Associa- tion Football
نویسندگان
چکیده
This paper reviews research on decision-making behavior of both goalkeeper and penalty taker during penalty kick situations in association football. Specifically, it adopts an ecological dynamics perspective on the behavior of both penalty taker and goalkeeper exemplifying how each might constrain the other’s decisions. This conceptual framework is elucidated to suggest key ideas for designing experimental programs on the penalty kick. We conclude by discussing the implications of ecological dynamics to advance research and practice in the penalty kick.
منابع مشابه
Compensating tendencies in penalty kick decisions of referees in professional football: evidence from the German Bundesliga 1963-2006.
Using a large representative database (12,902 matches from the top professional football league in Germany), I show that the number (441) of two-penalty matches is larger than expected by chance, and that among these 441 matches there are considerably more matches in which each team is awarded one penalty than would be expected on the basis of independent penalty kick decisions (odds ratio = 11...
متن کاملVisual Search Strategies of Soccer Players Executing a Power vs. Placement Penalty Kick
INTRODUCTION When taking a soccer penalty kick, there are two distinct kicking techniques that can be adopted; a 'power' penalty or a 'placement' penalty. The current study investigated how the type of penalty kick being taken affected the kicker's visual search strategy and where the ball hit the goal (end ball location). METHOD Wearing a portable eye tracker, 12 university footballers execu...
متن کاملThe effect of 10 sessions mental training compared with physical training on foot joints and accuracy of soccer penalty kick
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mental training compared with physical training on on foot joints and accuracy of instep penalty kick in soccer. Method research was a quasi-experimental. 33 male students of Mazandaran University organized in three groups (physical training group, mental training group and control group). After pre-test, mental and physical training groups...
متن کاملThe development of a method for identifying penalty kick strategies in association football.
Penalty takers in association football adopt either a keeper-independent or a keeper-dependent strategy, with the benefits of the keeper-independent strategy presumed to be greater. Yet, despite its relevance for research and practitioners, thus far no method for identifying penalty kick strategies has been available. To develop a validated and reliable method, Experiment 1 assessed characteris...
متن کاملImplicit Goalkeeper Influences on Goal Side Selection in Representative Penalty Kicking Tasks
In well-controlled lab situations, marginal displacements of the goalkeeper on the goal line affect goal side selection of penalty takers implicitly, that is, without the penalty takers being consciously aware of the displacement. Whether this effect is retained in more representative real-life situations with competing goalkeepers and penalty takers has not been verified. In the current study,...
متن کامل